What are windows that project inward or outward on an upper hinge, commonly found in older buildings called?

The term used for windows that project inward or outward on an upper hinge, particularly in the context of older buildings, is indeed projected windows. These windows are often designed to allow for better ventilation and light entry while maintaining aesthetic appeal. The unique design allows them to open at the top, which can be particularly beneficial in preventing water infiltration during rain when they are open, as the upper hinge allows the rainwater to run off rather than into the building.

Viewing the architectural design, these windows are not just functional but also contribute to the historical character of older buildings. They can create a sense of space and light while maintaining a connection to the outside environment.

The remaining options do not describe this specific type of window. For instance, partition walls refer to interior walls used to divide spaces within a building, a simple beam pertains to structural elements used to support loads, and platform frame construction refers to a method of construction that utilizes framing techniques rather than a window type.